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Man of Woe: variation on the phrase Man of Sorrows, used to describe Christ. From the prophecy of the Messiah in Isaiah 53:3:

He is despised and rejected of men; a man of sorrows, and acquainted with grief: and we hid as it were our faces from him; he was despised, and we esteemed him not.

More specifically the phrase can refer to a conventional artistic image of the suffering Christ. In this case it’s a marble sculpture, like this one in Krauszów, Poland:

Image via Flickr

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Another example of the difference between how a person seems and is–one of the play’s crucial themes.

Again there’s the suggestion that corruption and deception are universal, but particularly rampant in this time and place. See “Something is rotten in the state of Denmark."

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i.e., Claudius.

“Villain” is Hamlet’s favorite insult for Claudius; he uses it 11 times in the play, almost all in describing his uncle.

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Glow-worms are bioluminescent insect larvae:

Image: Timo Newton-Syms, via Wikimedia

“Matin” is “a service of morning prayer in various churches, especially the Anglican Church,” or perhaps poetically, “the morning song of birds.”

Morning has come and the Ghost must return to fast in the fires of purgatory for another day. Compared with the flames to which he’s returning, the glow-worm’s fire is nothing.

Its “uneffectual fire” might also be taken as ominously foreshadowing Hamlet’s ineffectuality in taking revenge. His “fiery” intentions will cool into reflection.

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The Ghost approves of Hamlet’s promise of immediate revenge, and trusts that he’s capable of fulfilling it.

By 3.4 he has changed his tune a bit:

Do not forget: this visitation
Is but to whet thy almost blunted purpose.

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How does the man’s response color our interpretation of the tone of the woman’s previous line?

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O'Hara, the most outwardly social of the New York School poets, wrote a number of Odes and poems dedicated to particular public figures or personal friends. This poem shares a title with a work by Alexander Pope, an 18th-century poet who shared with O'Hara a love of gossip and the social life of poetry (see Pope’s “Epistle to Dr Arbuthnot”). Pope’s poem is far different in style and tone, as the opening shows:

Descend ye Nine! descend and sing;
The breathing instruments inspire,
Wake into voice each silent string,
And sweep the sounding lyre!

Earlier even than Pope, John Dryden had written “A Song for St. Cecilia’s Day” (1687), on which composer Henry Purcell based a musical work called Ode to St. Cecilia. (Cecilia is the patron saint of musicians.) Thus O'Hara–himself a trained pianist–is slyly playing with a traditional theme.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UvWqPJdUImA

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What might this mean–that you, a corpse, appear again in full armor under the moonlight, making the night hideous?


The Ghost only appears at night, leaves at the cock crow announcing daytime, and only speaks to Hamlet, who, metaphorically speaking, carries night within him.

From Kenneth Branagh’s Hamlet (1996)

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