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This chapter begins with a pause in the narrative, during which “It was a halt… in my [Nick’s] association with his affairs. For several weeks I didn’t see him or hear his voice on the phone.” Prompted by a reporter asking after Gatsby, Nick relates Gatsby’s true biography (though Nick didn’t actually know any of this until “much later”).

After Tom visits Gatsby’s house, Daisy and Tom go to one of his parties.

This beginning of this chapter dives into the theme of the American Dream, and it develops Gatsby’s character by relating his ambitious beginnings in poverty.

The latter part of this chapter deals with the clash between “new money” and “old money” as the “old money” Tom visits one of Gatsby’s “new money” parties.

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In this critical chapter, Daisy and Gatsby finally meet one another through Nick.

Thematically, this chapter considers Gatsby’s fantastical idea of Daisy as it relates to the reality of who Daisy is.

It’s also important to keep in mind that Nick isn’t a completely reliable narrator in this chapter— he brings his own judgements and biases to the narrative, and there’s a distinction between Nick relating events and Nick speculating about how other characters are feeling.

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She left him as summer ended, but he still thinks about her long into the fall. The ‘turn(ing) away’ indicates her pain, for which he clearly feels guilt, expressed in the understated ‘compelled my imagination … ’

The verbal mood is now past indicative: he is remembering.

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Things on all scales seem difficult to hold onto, and are “filled with the intent” to be lost, as if they have wills of their own; an example of personification. Keys are elusive, and so are lives. “One Art” was composed about a decade after Elizabeth Bishop’s longtime partner, Lota Soares, committed suicide, the most profound kind of ‘intent to be lost’ there could be.

Notice the line break after intent followed by the unexpected To be lost. The next stanzas show a difference between what was intended and what actually happened: She intended to spend an hour usefully, but wasted it instead. She intended to travel, but failed to do so. And she certainly didn’t intend to lose her partner.

Note the last lines form an alternating refrain or anaphora, characteristic of the villanelle The repetition builds emphasis.

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Daisy’s voice is a powerful tool that moves Gatsby unlike anything else about her. Whenever her voice emerges, low and murmuring, it captures everybody around her and embodies all of Gatsby’s rags-to-riches dreams, complete with his “golden girl”.

Nick described Daisy’s voice like this in Chapter 1:

I looked back at my cousin who began to ask me ques- tions in her low, thrilling voice. It was the kind of voice that the ear follows up and down as if each speech is an arrange- ment of notes that will never be played again.

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Jay Z takes credit for making platinum a fad among rappers: this is one of his earlier raps about platinum. Platinum is expensive, so if his teeth or grill were made of such an expensive metal,words coming out of them would be extremely valuable.

Platinum is also a certification threshold that means an album has sold one million units.

To emphasize the quality of his lyricism, he plays on William Wordsworth’s name. Wordsworth was a revolutionary poet who changed the way we wrote and considered the English language; while Keats, another Romantic poet, often takes the spotlight, it has been proposed by several critics such as M.H. Abrams or Harold Bloom that Wordsworth had one of the biggest impacts on poetry of all time.

Jay Z asserts that he has taken Wordsworth’s place.

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