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minstrelsy – the singing and playing of a minstrel + Christy Minstrels – black face troop which came from America to London in 1857. Moore and Burgess were their rivals.

PROPOSED SUGGESTION: Long before the American minstrel shows of the 19th century, minstrels were traveling singers and entertainers, akin to the troubadours who flourished in the 12th and 13th centuries. As time went on, minstrels went from being court employees to mostly street singers, but “Christian minstrelsy” kept many a story alive through oral tradition.

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afire – flaming, on fire + a voice from afar.

1926 Letter to HSW:

The flame of Christianity kindled by S. Patrick on Holy Saturday in defiance of royal orders

PROPOSED SUGGESTION: afar: a voice from a fire/a voice from afar.

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The beginning of Finnegans Wake, if it can be called a beginning (the puns Finn Again – Begin Again are certainly there) echoes the creation and fall of man, as well as the complex nature of Irish history and Joyce’s biography.

‘Church of the Immaculate Conception’, also known as Adam and Eve’s, is located on Merchants Quay, Dublin (Franciscans secretly said Mass in the Adam and Eve Tavern, where the popular name of the present church comes from) + “Old as they were, her aunts also did their share. Julia, though she was quite grey, was still the leading soprano in Adam and Eve’s, and Kate, being too feeble to go about much, gave music lessons to beginners on the old square piano in the back room.” (The Dead); Miss Kate and Miss Julia, based on Joyce’s grand aunts, the Misses Flynn who, as their great-nephew put it, ‘trilled and warbled in a Dublin church up to the age of seventy’. This was the ancient Franciscan church on the south quays popularly known as Adam and Eve’s (from Biography by Peter Costello).

PROPOSED SUGGESTION: It refers to the third element in the circuit of HCE’s bedroom i.e the Adam’s mantelpiece.

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Subadar (or Subedar) is a historical rank in the Indian Army, ranking below British commissioned officers and above non-commissioned officers.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subedar

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Comyn is a common Scottish surname.

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Faulkner is arguing for the stakes of stories to be as high as they can be. Stories must concern matters of life and death, of struggle and will and perseverance, where all is on the line.

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By learning that fear creates weak writing, young authors must seek only the deepest, oldest truths. As the author Barry Hannah once said, “Writing should be closer to the cave than to the drawing room.”

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He still finds a beauty in the ruins. Much like a Romanic era poem about containing the past in an object. Keats puts it this way in Ode to a Grecian Urn:

Thou still unravish’d bride of quietness,
Thou foster-child of Silence and slow Time."

Keats may respect his subject more but the sentiment is the same.

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