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On the motion of James Otis, on June 8, the Massachusetts legislature sent a circular inviting all the colonies to send delegates to a congress at New York in October, 1765. Representatives from only nine colonies appeared. Virginia, New Hampshire, North Carolina, and Georgia were not represented. The Congress agreed upon the Declaration of Rights reproduced here and, further, petitioned the king and Parliament. Because the credentials of certain delegates authorized them merely to consult and not to take action, the petition was signed by the members of only six colonies.

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The first president by popular election in Russia’s history, Yeltsin represented the beginnings of a bright, democratic future for Russia.

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Match.com, while widely successful in its own vein, is now taking cues from Tinder – recently releasing a mobile app that looks (and works) a great deal like Tinder, complete with a stream of potential interests for the user and the “swipe left/right” feature.

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One man behind the writing of this letter is Michael Wear, who served in the White House faith-based initiative during Obama’s first term and directed faith outreach for Obama’s 2012 reelection campaign. A recent article in the Boston Globe explained that the letter is an attempt at finding a middle ground and protecting religious organizations from being automatically cut from federal funding:

He said its intent is to find a way to protect LGBT rights but also assures religious organizations that hire “according to their religious identity” that they will not be automatically disqualified from competing for federal contracts.

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The letter’s request, attempting to justify itself by claiming it benefited “the faith communities whose religious identity and beliefs motivate them to serve those in need” has been criticized by many.

Among the many religious figures attaching themselves to the letter is D. Michael Lindsay, the president of a small Christian college north of Boston, Gordon College. His involvement in the letter in particular was criticized. A recent Boston Globe article quoted one critic – Paul Miller, 29, “a co-founder of LGBTQ organization OneGordon who graduated from Gordon in 2008 and worked for the school for three years before leaving because he could not come out as gay while there” – who said:

[D. Michael] Lindsay has made Gordon a fortress of faith rather than a place where the doors are open to people who want to be part of a conversation about what it means to be a Christian. He thinks it’s important that it’s encoded into law that institutions be able to discriminate.

Anti LGBT verbage is the norm of so-called equality and justice-based modern church movements such as the Vineyard USA

What’s wrong with sex in a committed homosexual relationship is that it fails to point to how sex-in-marriage is supposed to be as a pointer to God’s created order and design (of fulfillment in our counterpart, our complementary other, not a person of our own gender).

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Here, Yeltsin promises democracy through his explanation of what being a president truly means – no “god”, no “monarch”. Later on in his presidency, he fought the mostly Communist parliament to create a new Russian constitution that clearly defined the spheres of power within the Russian government, a move that would widen his own role as president and give him more power.

While challenging the communist parliament was a necessary step towards a real strike at democracy, Yeltsin made later moves in his presidency that contradicted his ideals – for example, temporarily banning all political opposition.

This could also be considered a slight directed at Yeltsin’s predecessor, Gorbachev. While both men are noted for the changes they brought to Russia, they had come to despise the other.

Yeltsin had previously attacked Gorbachev on account of the ‘luxuries’ he enjoyed as Soviet leader, and there was fuel for the fire in a country where high-ranking Party members could shop in exclusive stores.

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On July 10, 1991, Boris Yeltsin was sworn in as the first President of the Russian Federation. Elected the chairman of the Russian Supreme Soviet in 1990, by June of 1991 he was elected by popular vote to the newly created post of President of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (SFSR) – at that time one of the 15 constituent republics of the Soviet Union.

When Mikhail Gorbachev finally resigned and the Soviet Union was dissolved in December of 1991, Yeltsin remained in office as the President of the Russian Federation – the USSR’s successor state. Yeltsin went on to be re-elected in the 1996 elections.

Yeltsin delivered a speech that promised the beginning of a democratic future to Russia – it ended with a resounding final line: “Russia will be revived.”

Yeltsin at first represented a democratic future for Russia, the concrete end to the Soviet Union style of rule. He went on to become a flawed hero for Russia – pushing forwards in hopes of democracy, while stumbling along the way to major catastrophe. After promising to transform Russia’s socialist command economy into a free market economy, Yeltsin saw Russia during his rule experience some of the worst widespread corruption, inflation, economic collapse and political and social problems it had seen thus far.

By the time Yeltsin left office, he had attempted to illegally dissolve the parliament, given the order to the army to shoot up the Russian White House, temporarily banned political opposition, and thrown out the existing constitution to propose a new one with more presidential power. On 31 December 1999, Yeltsin resigned, leaving office with dismal approval ratings as low as 2%.

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